Effective and Environmentally Safe Household Cleaner

Effective and Environmentally Safe Household Cleaner Introduction Cleaning products are an essential part of maintaining any home or workplace. However, many of the well-known household cleaners contain chemicals that can harm the environment. This is a main reason as to why a consumer’s choice upon choosing a cleaning product should rely on the safety of not only humans but the environment as well. For example, cleaning products that contain Volatile organic compounds can affect indoor air quality as well as contribute to the formation of smog in outdoor air (EPA, 2010). Therefore, an experiment has been conducted to accurately determine which cleaner-vinegar, Comet, All Purpose, baking soda, or a mixture of vinegar and baking soda- is the most environmentally safe and the most efficient. The end result should display the mix of Vinegar and Baking Soda as being the most environmentally safe and efficient household cleaning product. Method To begin the experiment, draw two lines on each tile (five tiles total) 10 centimeters long. Label each line as either a 1 or 2 on each tile to distinguish the trials. (Note: each line will be used for separate trials.) Also, label each tile as the name of the cleaner being used. Then, measure 10 milliliters of vinegar using a graduated cylinder. Depending on paper towels available, fold as needed to where it does not rip or bleed through while scrubbing. Next, pour the vinegar from the graduated cylinder slowly onto the line marked as trial 1. Scrub the stain that has vinegar on it vigorously using the paper towels. Same person scrubbing the vinegar will do so for the rest of the products and trials. Start the stopwatch once the scrubbing begins and stop as soon as the mark is completely removed. Record results immediately after the stain is erased and clearly state any observations obtained. Repeat this procedure for both Comet and All Purpose cleaners. However, a different method must be taken when removing the stain with a baking soda and water solution. In a plastic cup mix two scoops of baking soda with 30 milliliters of water. Measure 10 milliliters of that solution into a graduated cylinder. Pour the solution onto the tile labeled trial 1. Scrub vigorously using paper towels as needed. Record observations and the amount of time it takes to remove crayon stain. Repeat the procedure with baking soda and water except replace the water with vinegar. It will now be a baking soda and vinegar solution. Finally, record observations and time taken to remove the crayon mark. Repeat all procedures for each solution an additional time but instead using the mark labeled as trial 2. Make sure to record all data and observations after each crayon mark is thoroughly removed from the tile. Results Observations were made immediately following each trial. For instance, vinegar was clear and watery. It had a sour scent and was not messy. Unlike vinegar, baking soda was messy, milky, and gritty. Comet was a thick, green, slimy, and bleach-smelling product. Like baking soda, Comet was also messy. All Purpose, however, was not messy and had a bleach stench. It was also watery and made bubbles once the scrubbing began. Vinegar and baking soda mixture was milky, gritty, and made a reaction when mixed together. Conclusion In conclusion, this experiment was successful in displaying which cleaning product was the most efficient, while being environmentally safe. In this experiment there were four specific cleaning products that were experimented. The hypothesis is supported by the data that was obtained; the combination of vinegar and baking soda is the most efficient in removing a crayon stain. Moreover, as well as being the most efficient, vinegar and baking soda is the most environmentally safe. The data that was concluded from each product are as follows. The first cleaning product tested was vinegar and was found to be inefficient time wise, taking over 3 minutes to remove the stain. Vinegar has an ingredient of acetic acid. If acetic acid is released into the environment it will either evaporate or natural waters will neutralize the solution into acetate salts, either of which are not harmful (Iowa State University, 2001). The next product tested was Comet. It was found to be inefficient, but on a verage was the second to fastest in removing the stain, taking only over a minute compared to vinegar’s 3 minutes. Comet contains fragrance, surfactant, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, water, and cleaning agent. Of the ingredients, sodium hypochlorite was found to be the most harmful because it is a toxic chemical. Although sodium hypochlorite is only entered in the environment by a spill or misuse, overexposure can result in harm to aquatic wildlife such as freshwater fish (SDA, 1997). Another product tested was Great Value All Purpose Cleaner. All Purpose took almost as much time as Vinegar to remove the stain, making it inefficient as well. Like Comet, All Purpose contained 2% sodium hypochlorite; therefore, they have similar effects on the environment, both of which are harmful to aquatic wildlife if overexposed. An additional product tested was baking soda. The data for baking soda in the first trial of the experiment can be classified as inconclusive as a result of the baking soda sinking to the bottom of the cup when mixed with water. However, when conducting the second trial the time made an enormous decrease, taking a little over 30 seconds to remove the crayon mark. Baking soda is made up of sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate occurs in nature. Therefore, further studies indicate that under normal conditions and use of sodium bicarbonate there are no harmful effects pertaining to plant life and the environment. In fact, research studies show that sodium bicarbonate improves sewage treatment by effectively using pH and enhancing anaerobic digestion of solids (Arm and Hammer, 2012). The final cleaning product tested was a mixture of vinegar and baking soda. This mixture was concluded to be the most efficient in time, taking less than 20 seconds to remove the crayon mark in both trials 1 and 2. Due to this mixture of acetic vinegar and basic baking soda, the resulting solution is a neutral substance- carbon dioxide- that is not harmful to the environment. Ultimately, as previously stated, the hypothesis was supported by this experiment; vinegar and baking soda mixed is the most effective and environmentally safe product. The cost of both vinegar and baking soda is not the cheapest, being a little over 3 dollars, but the effectiveness and safety override that factor. An error recorded for this experiment is that the lines drawn onto the tiles were too thick, making it harder to scrub off with the cleaning product which may have altered the overall data for that trial. Furthermore, the tiles itself had different textures which could have had an overall effect on the amount of time taken to remove the crayon stain. Works Cited Arm and Hammer. (2012). Product Safety Summary. Retrieved from http://www.ahperformance.com/media/files/Product-Safety-Summary_SBC_Final.pdf Iowa State University. (2001). Material Safety Data Sheet Acetic Acid, Glacial. Retrieved from http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/acglac.htm The Soap and Detergent Association. (1997). Sodium Hypochlorite. Retrieved from http://www.aciscience.org/docs/sodium_hypochlorite.pdf U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2010). Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide For Federal Purchaser. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/cleaning.htm

Martha Stewart: A Brand in Crisis

1. Stewart repeatedly denied any wrongdoing, despite the conviction and failed appeal, yet she still says she did nothing wrong. Is this the right strategy? Yes, admit your mistakes, learn from them and move on but don’t continue to make them over and over again. Stewart demoed that she engaged in any improper trading when she sold her shares of ImClone stock (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 345). Stewart claimed she had previously issued a â€Å"stop-loss† order to sell her 3928 shares; she also called her friend Sam Waksal, but could not reach him. However, Stewart’s explanation that she unloaded her stock because of a pre-arranged sell order collapsed when Douglas Faneuil, the broker’s assistant who handled the sale of the ImClone stock for Stewart, told Merrill Lynch lawyers that his boss, Peter Bacanovic, had pressured him to lie about a stop-loss order. 2. Did Stewart’s actions justify the subsequent sentence to her and those around her? Despite her reputation and business successes, Stewart was indicted in 2003 on criminal charges and faced several civil lawsuits to her sale of the ImClone stock (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 344). Stewart sold the stock on December 27, 2001, one day before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refused to review ImClone System’s cancer drug Erbitux; the company’s stock tumbled following the FDA’s announcement. On June 4, 2003, a federal grand jury indicted Stewart on charges of securities fraud, conspiracy (together with Bacanovic), making false statements, and obstruction of justice (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 346). At her trial, the indictments for securities fraud were dropped, but the other indictments were prosecuted (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 347). Stewart faced humiliation and some prison time but examples have to be set when running a company. You just can’t do what you please because you own it and not face the consequences. 3. Compare other executives’ wrongdoings versus Stewart’s. Discuss why MSLO is or is not different from what happened at companies such as Enron and Tyco. Enron’s demise caused tens of billions of dollars of investor losses, triggered a collapse of electricity-trading markets, and ushered in an era of accounting scandals that precipitated a global loss of confidence in corporate integrity (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 328). Now companies must defend legitimate but complicated financing arrangements, even legitimate financing tools tainted by association with Enron. Executives in these positions have a duty to protect the investors and shareholders of the company. Consumers put their trust in them for results and their ethical standards should be top priority. Enormous evidence of book-cooking and scandals involving WorldCom, Enron, Andersen Consulting and now Xerox, combined with Martha Stewart's embroglio over dumping ImClone stock last year, have caused growing skepticism among consumers about big brands in an already shaky economy that's trying its best to rebound. â€Å"The overall impact of the corporate financial scandals are going to cause consumers to question the ethics and the corporate behavior of many corporations,† said Lynne Doll, president of Rogers & Associates, a crisis communications firm in Los Angeles. (Hein & Cassidy, 2002). The investigation of Ms. Stewart's trading of ImClone stock continues. But at issue is perhaps less the outcome of the investigation than the more mystical question of what this does to the brand-a subject on which brand experts are more pessimistic than marketers. â€Å"An important element of the brand is authenticity,† said Don Pettit, president-CEO of brand identity firm Sterling Group. â€Å"A lot of Martha's credibility is built on her integrity and authority, and that's exactly what's being called into question. â€Å"

The Hidden Treasure of Psychology Thesis

The Hidden Treasure of Psychology Thesis Psychology Thesis - Dead or Alive? Psychology proposal is quite important portion of the dissertation paper. The thesis has to be adequately supported by the content in the last paper. The subject of the thesis project is decided along with the thesis adviser, who's knowledgeable in the specific domain of the research and who will advise the student on every phase. PhD research takes a subject area to really research and you'll be encouraged to select your topic area very carefully. Want to Know More About Psychology Thesis? In brief, a thesis is a detailed overview of the student's work and experience. Your instructor can provide some great suggestions that you may not have thought of previously. As a result, if you prefer to prepare your psychology thesis papers at the graduation or post graduation degree, you must throw focus on particular regions of interest. In some instances, students simply devise the study and imagine the po tential results that may occur. What You Must Know About Psychology Thesis Finding the proper psychology experiment idea can be challenging, but since you can see there are lots of great methods to produce inspiration. Among the most exciting things about sports psychology is it is not only about athletes and coaches. A recent study showed that people who utter self-affirmations might be less inclined to follow a goal once they experience failure. Suppose your preferred field is child psychology then you could select a topic like effect of divorce on a young child. Top Choices of Psychology Thesis You can concentrate on the effects of the subsequent topics on the nature and development of a kid, adult or elderly. Identifying the learning pattern of children can result in a very good outcome. Do extensive researches to find out what kind of topic will provide you with comfort to explain with much clarity. As an example, many students gain from short freewriting sessions that enable them to think through problems and produce solutions in a stress-free way. The Do's and Don'ts of Psychology Thesis Psychology is an intriguing area of study that covers many locations, so every student can select an exciting idea for her or his dissertation. It is the vast research area and you will have to study deeply to write psychology thesis. It is a very broad and diverse field of study, and you can find a variety of lists of possible topics for psychology essay papers online. Clinical psychology is just one of the most well-known subfields within psychology. The better part of the psychology sub-fields are rather broad, making researching on it extremely problematic. It's also intersubdisciplinary as it encompasses all the standard subdisciplines of psychology. Certainly, psychology is among the most intriguing branches of science out there. Because general psychology classes cover such a wide selection of topics, you have a huge range of subject ideas to pick from. What You Must Know About Psychology Thesis The essay isn't as scary as it looks. The research question has to be clear and focused so the reader knows just what the student is investigating. Your thesis idea ought to be one which can be backed by means of a lot of verified data. You will need to read a whole lot whilst doing research for your academic essay, and it is going to take a lot of time and energy. New Questions About Psychology Thesis You will talk about the concept of the undertaking. Just don't forget that it's really hard to modify your topic as soon a s you have already started writing, so go at your own pace in choosing it in the very first location. After all, should you not choose something that's of interest to you are you truly likely to have the ability to maintain your interest for the upcoming several decades. Pick one that intrigues you, or that you've already researched about because you've got an outstanding interest within it. The New Fuss About Psychology Thesis If you think that a paid firm is the best suited to give you a listing of the absolute most apt organizational psychology research topic ideas, think about contacting us and you are going to be assisted professionally. Make certain there are enough online sources on this issue you've chosen. For instance, you might start with deciding that you would like to compose your paper on a topic within a particular branch of psychology. You will have the ability to spot a great research topic idea that's unique and impressing. The very first step in looking for a superb dissertation topic on psychology is to dedicate a little time and research for a topic one is acquainted with. As soon as you've finalized the topic for your clinical psychology undertaking, the next thing to do is to begin researching. Narrow down from there and focus on what you would like to say about the subject. To settle on a topic from general psychology, you should pick any topic you enjoy and then begin narrowing it down. You don't need to select a topic that's so general that you truly feel overwhelmed, but you also don't wish to pick a topic that's so specific that you are feeling limited or not able to find details about it. If you locate an overall research topic interesting, you will likely end up asking a selection of questions regarding the subject and about the data that you're collecting and analyzing.

Walter Elias Disney And The Construction Of Your Career

After you have listed many characteristics of the person or fictionalcharacter, answer the following questions: ? How are you like this person or fictional character? ? How are you different from this person of fictional character? How do you see these characteristic being used in the construction of your career? Walter Elias Disney, or Walt Disney as he is known to most, was born in Chicago, Illinois on December 5, 1901 to Elias and Flora Disney. He was the fourth child born, with three older brothers and one younger sister. Walt started to develop a skill for drawing at the young age of four; a skill that would eventually grow into a corporate empire. Walt was always stretching his imagination with his drawings. As he grew, he became captivated with magic and delighted in playing magic tricks on his parents. In fourth grade his teacher told the class to draw the bowl of flowers she had on her desk. 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